Pele’s Hair

Pele’s Hair Scientists say ‘Pele's hair’ is “volcanic glass that has been stretched into thin strands by the physical pulling apart of molten material during eruptions. Most commonly it forms during fire fountain activity.” A single strand, with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm, may be as long as 2 m. The strands are formed by the stretching or blowing-out of molten basaltic glass from lava, usually from lava fountains, lava cascades, and vigorous lava flows (for example, as pāhoehoe lava plunges over a small cliff and at the front of an ‘a‘a flow.)

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Kaname Yonamine

Kaname Yonamine A shy young man, he was Nisei (second generation) born on June 24, 1925, in Olowalu, Maui, where his father Matsusai, an Okinawan, had moved to find work in the sugar cane fields. He is considered one of the greatest athletes to come out of Hawaii. In 1947, Yonamine signed with the San Francisco 49ers, He was the first Asian-American to play professional football; but his football career was cut short after fracturing his wrist. Later, Wally Yonamine found himself the starting center fielder of Japan’s Yomiuri Giants. In 1957 he received the MVP award; he was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994.

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Henry Ho‘olulu Pitman

Henry Ho‘olulu Pitman “Henry Pitman, the first of Hawai‘i’s sons to fall in the war, died at Annapolis Parole Camp, Union army.” Timothy Henry Hoʻolulu Pitman, born March 18, 1845, in Hilo, was the eldest son of High Chiefess Kinoʻole-o-Liliha (Kinoʻole) of Hilo and Benjamin Pitman, originally from Boston (his siblings were Mary and Benjamin.) A member of Co. H, 22nd Regt. Mass. Vols., he was with his Regiment in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam and Sharpsburg. Pitman was taken prisoner and “was sent to Libby Prison, and not being strong, contracted still further the chronic disease”. He was part of a prisoner exchange and “died at the Annapolis Parole Camp, Feb. 27th, of lung fever, having been serving as soldier in the Union army.”

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Hawaiian Colonization

Hawaiian Colonization “The question of colonization in the Hawaiian Islands has, during the last few months, virtually absorbed all smaller issues touching our material welfare, and at present is justly made the leading topic of public thought and newspaper discussion.” On August 5, 1885, James Campbell offered Benjamin F Dillingham a one-year option to purchase his Kahuku and Honouliuli ranches on Oahu. Shortly afterward, Dillingham issued a ‘preliminary prospectus’ for what was to be called the Hawaiian Colonization Land and Trust Company. While, initially, things went well, eventually the project ‘fell flat.” While Dillingham couldn’t raise the money to buy the Campbell property outright, he eventually leased the land for 50-years.

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Winne Units

Winne Units “These halls, this learning environment, launched the academic careers of tens of thousands of Punahou students.” The Mary Persis Winne Elementary Units, built between 1950 and 1955, were designed by the renowned architect Vladimir Ossipoff. Born in 1876 in Carson City, Nevada, Winne was the granddaughter of Reverend Asa and Lucy Thurston. Winne came to Punahou as a second grade teacher in 1898, and rose to become the principal of the then newly formed Punahou Elementary School in 1918. By the time she retired in 1941 she had served generations of Punahou students for 42 years. Punahou is replacing the Winne Units with new facilities for grades 2-5.

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Lydia Panioikawai Hunt French

Lydia Panioikawai Hunt French “’We are fortunate; blessed be the name of the Lord.’ These were her last words.” Lydia Panioikawai Hunt French (Panio) was born in Waikele, Ewa, on the 15th of July, 1817. She married William French (Mika Palani) (a leading trade provisioning the whaling ships that called in Honolulu) in 1836. Governor Kuakini was the one who married them. French had property on the Island of Hawaiʻi, with a main headquarters at Kawaihae, shipping cattle, hides and tallow to Honolulu; he hired John Palmer Parker (later founder of Parker Ranch) as his bookkeeper, cattle hunter and in other capacities. French built a couple houses in Waimea, the property became Parker's home while he worked for French. (In addition, in 1840, this is where French built his original home in Waimea.

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Sneyd-Kynnersley

Sneyd-Kynnersley In 1815, Clement Kynnersley, the last male in the line, dying, left Kynnersley Castle to his nephew Thomas Sneyd, who added the name of Kynnersley to his own, upon his accession to this estate. Fast forward to about 1882 … brothers John (Ralph) Sneyd-Kynnersley (1860-1932) and Clement (Cecil) Gerald Sneyd-Kynnersley (1859-1909) left England and made their way to Kohala. Kohala became a land in transition and eventually a major force in the sugar industry with the arrival of American missionary Elias Bond in 1841. In 1887, King Kalākaua presented ceremonial lei to Daisy May Sneyd-Kynnersley on her baptism (daughter of Ralph Sneyd-Kynnersley.) From them is named the mauka-makai road through the Pūehuehu ahupuaʻa, Kynnersley Road, in Kohala.

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Linekona School

Linekona School In 1865, the board of education adopted a policy of separating school children by sex, and the Town Free School became the Mililani Girls School. (Town Free School was successor of Oʻahu Charity School – the first English-language-focused school.) Most of the boys were sent to the Royal School. In 1873, the Fort Street School went public, and in 1895 was split to create Kaʻiulani Elementary and the islands’ first public high school - Honolulu High School. The high school moved near Thomas Square and it was renamed President William McKinley High School; the building served that function until the present McKinley High was erected in 1923. At that time, the old school was renamed Linekona (Lincoln) Elementary; it was the main elementary school in Honolulu.

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Invasion of Waikiki

Invasion of Waikiki “From the Waikiki Inn to the Seaside Hotel the beach and all available space back of it was occupied by spectators. … There were hundreds of tourists hailing from the four corners of the earth and representatives of almost every race on the globe in the crowd.” “Probably over seven thousand people were at Waikiki to see the spectacle.” This was Hawaiʻi’s first pageant, part of the 1913 Mid-Winter Carnival, commemorating the conquering of Oʻahu by Hawaiʻi’s first King. “Plunging across sunlit billows and riding swiftly upon the crest of the reef-combed rollers of Waikiki Bay yesterday, a fleet of war canoes brought the conquering army of Kamehameha the Great to Oahu, the first scene in the first historical pageant ever staged in the territory.”

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"Ka ʻaina a Kane-huna-moku"

"Ka ʻaina a Kane-huna-moku" Hawaiians recognize a Floating Island, or an Illusory Land which they call "Ka aina a Kane-huna-moku," (the land of island-hiding-Kane.) This appears at times on the ocean fertile green slopes with valleys and streams, and uplands towering up into a cloud-capped summit. Some now living claim to have seen it, and one man at least is said to have visited it and lived there for years.

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Ahahui Hoʻoulu a Hoʻola Lahui

Ahahui Hoʻoulu a Hoʻola Lahui “The Hui Ho‘oulu a Ho‘ola Lahui of Kalākaua I was organized at Kawaiahaʻo, Her Royal Highness Princess Kapili Likelike being President.” “The first meeting of the society having been appointed at Kawaiahaʻo Church, there was a good attendance of the first ladies of the city, not only those of Hawaiian families, but also of foreign birth.” “His Majesty Kalākaua designed and established an organization for benevolent work amongst his people; it was called the Ho‘oululahui.” “If such sick person has no one to look after or help him, then the President may direct some member of the committee or any member of the Society to assist such sick person.”

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Volcano Stables and Transportation Company

Volcano Stables and Transportation Company “The Volcano Stables and Transportation Company was incorporated (in 1873) ... in the town of Hilo, and owing to the limited railway facilities of the Island of Hawaiʻi, has grown to be the largest transportation company in the Islands.” “The stables of the company are located on Waianuenue street, extending back to King street … Besides a complete livery business the company operates draying, stage and express systems which extend from Hilo to Kawaihae and from Hilo to Honuʻapo in Kaʻū, practically covering all of the most Important places upon the Island.”

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ʻŌpūkahaʻia’s Grammar Book

ʻŌpūkahaʻia’s Grammar Book Noah Webster (1758-1843) was the man of words in early 19th-century America.; he compiled a dictionary which became the standard for American English. Webster devised a method to help differentiate between the sounds of vowels and assigned numbers to various letter sounds - and used these in his Speller. It seems Henry ʻŌpūkahaʻia used Webster's Speller in his writings and substituted the numbers assigned to the various sounds into his words. So, using Webster’s coding, to decipher ʻŌpūkahaʻia’s ‘k3-n3-k3,’ you substitute the "3" for "a" (that sounds like "hall;") k3-n3-k3 transforms to kanaka (man.) 3-o-le transforms to ʻaʻole (no;); l8-n3 transforms to luna (upper) and 8-8-k8 transforms to ʻuʻuku (small.)

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Thomas R Foster

Thomas R Foster He was born May 19, 1835 at Fisher’s Grant, Pictou, Nova Scotia, Canada; he later went to work with for his brother, Daniel Foster, in his shipbuilding business in Warren, Bristol County, Rhode Island in the 1850s. In 1857, Thomas and his brother Daniel decided to move to Hawaiʻi to try the shipbuilding business in the Pacific. Foster met and married Mary Elizabeth Mikahala Robinson, the eldest daughter of James Robinson, the prominent local ship builder in 1861 (they did not have any children.) Foster began Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company. When airplanes came to the Hawaiian Islands, the Inter-Island Navigation Company founded a subsidiary, Inter-Island Airways (Hawaiian Air.)

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Kalakaua Funeral

Kalakaua Funeral “The announcement yesterday of the death of King Kalākaua fell like a clap of thunder from the skies. Although we all knew that he was not a well man when he left here and that he had in his system a most insidious disease”. “Kalākaua I was buried with great state on February 15th, 1891, another guest in that mausoleum which is so fast filling with the mortal remains of Hawaiian royalty. His sister Liliʻuokalani reigns in his stead, and follows worthily the best traditions of sovereignty”.

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Happy Valentines Day !!!

Happy Valentines Day !!! "We’re all a little weird. And life is a little weird. And when we find someone whose weirdness is compatible with ours, we join up with them and fall into mutually satisfying weirdness - and call it love - true love." Robert Fulghum

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Matsumoto Shave Ice

Matsumoto Shave Ice It is referred to in different ways, depending on where you are from … in Hilo it’s Ice Shave; lots of folks outside the Islands call it Sno-Balls, SnoCones (or Snow Cones) or even Shaved Ice … most, here, call it Shave Ice. M Matsumoto Store Inc (founded February 13, 1951) opened in the previous Tanaka Store in Haleiwa. In 1956, a family friend suggested that the store sell cones of shave ice to help make up for slow business – they bought a hand-crank shave ice machine from Japan, attached an electric motor and started making shave ice cones at a nickel a piece.

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The Crowning

The Crowning Although Kalākaua had been elected and serving as King since 1874, upon returning from a trip around the world, in 1883, it was determined that Hawaiʻi’s King should also be properly crowned. On Monday, February 12, 1883, the imposing ceremony of the Coronation of their Majesties the King and Queen of the Hawaiian Islands took place at ʻIolani Palace. In addition to the Western-style style crown, he received a sword, ring and scepter; Kalākaua was also presented with traditional items belonging to ruling Hawaiian chiefs: the feather cloak of Kamehameha I, the kāhili (standard) of Pili, and the pūloʻuloʻu (kapu stick) and lei palaoa (whale tooth pendant.) A couple days later (February 14, 1883,) Kalākaua unveiled the King Kamehameha statue on the grounds of Aliʻiolani Hale (now the home of Hawaiʻi’s State Supreme Court.)

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Chinatown

Chinatown The maritime fur trade focused on acquiring furs of sea otters, seals and other animals from the Pacific Northwest Coast and Alaska that were sold in China in exchange for tea, silks, porcelain and other Chinese goods (which were then sold in Europe and the US.) In the mid-1840s, following defeat by Britain in the first Opium War, a series of natural catastrophes occurred across China resulting in famine, peasant uprisings and rebellions. Many Chinese left; some came to the Islands. Honolulu’s Chinatown was established during the 1840s and 1850s, in an area along Honolulu Harbor. It is reportedly the oldest Chinese quarter in the US.

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CTAHR

CTAHR “A Kingdom without a university looks like an anomaly. Education in this Kingdom is unquestionably on a respectable footing. The foundation of a Hawaiian national university is consequently not a chimerical idea.“ On January 4, 1893, the Hawaii Bureau (later Board) of Agriculture and Forestry was established in the Kingdom of Hawaii.

The University of Hawaiʻi began as a land-grant college, initiated out of the 1862 US Federal Morrill Act funding for “land grant” colleges. The new College of Hawaii campus was also a working farm from the first day. Research and extension faculty were administratively included in the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR.)

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Keʻelikōlani

Keʻelikōlani Keʻelikōlani (Princess Ruth) was born February 9, 1826; she was a high-ranking aliʻi wahine. She was held in high regard by the general populace, and treated lovingly or respectfully by the ranking chiefs, government officials, and the people of her time. She was a great-granddaughter of Kamehameha, a grand-niece to Kamehameha II and III, and a half-sister of Kamehameha IV and V. Keʻelikōlani died in 1883 at Haleʻōlelo, her large hale pili thatched home on the grounds of Huliheʻe Palace in Kailua-Kona. At her death, Keʻelikōlani gave her property to Pauahi who used it as the land base for the formation of Kamehameha Schools.

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“It was like laying a corner stone of an important edifice for the nation.”

“It was like laying a corner stone of an important edifice for the nation.” The planning for the formal written Hawaiian language in the early part of the nineteenth century was started by the Protestant missionaries who arrived in Hawaii, starting in 1820. A committee of some of these missionaries (Hiram Bingham, CS Stewart and Levi Chamberlain) worked on the development of the Hawaiian alphabet. Toketa (a Tahitian, arrived in Hawaiʻi in 1818,) who had learned to read Hawaiian after an hour's instruction, wrote a letter for Kuakini to Hiram Bingham, requesting copies of pages of the spelling book being assembled. “(Bingham) immediately answered in the Hawaiian, under date of Feb. 8th, 1822, one month from the first printing for the nation.” (This was the first correspondence back and forth in Hawaiian.)

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Broken Mast

Broken Mast In the dawn hours of January 18, 1778, on his third expedition, British explorer Captain James Cook on the HMS Resolution and Captain Charles Clerke of the HMS Discovery first sighted what Cook named the Sandwich Islands. Leaving, and after cruising the West Coast, Alaska and Bering Strait, on October 24, 1778, he headed back to the islands. Then, shortly after leaving Hawaiʻi Island, the foremast of the Resolution broke. “On the 8th (of February 1779) at day-break, we found, that the foremast had again given way … and the parts so very defective, as to make it absolutely necessary to replace them, and, of course, to (remove) the mast.” He returned to Kealakekua. On February 14, 1779, Cook was killed.

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Honolulu Oil

Honolulu Oil William Matson became well established in the Hawaiian trade. His small fleet of sailing vessels shuttled back and forth between Hilo and San Francisco. Matson recognized the potential of oil. He convinced Hawai‘i’s plantation and sugar mill owners to switch from coal and bagasse (sugar cane waste) to oil. Then, he converted some of his sailing flee into tankers to carry the oil to the Islands. In 1903, he formed the Monarch Oil Company and five years later bought the Buena Vista Hills property (Matson later renamed the area Honolulu Hills) and a year later (1910) created Honolulu Oil Company.

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Possibly the Last Human Sacrifice

Possibly the Last Human Sacrifice “Kaʻahumanu was a woman of the chiefly stature and of celebrated beauty … her husband (Kamehameha) cherished her exceedingly. He had the indelicacy to frame and publish an especial law declaring death against the man who should approach her, and yet no penalty against herself.” “And in 1809, after thirty-four years of marriage, and when she must have been nearing fifty …” “… Kanihonui, was found to be her lover, and paid the penalty of life”. Reportedly, Kaʻahumanu had seduced the boy while she was intoxicated; in addition, the boy was the son of Kamehameha’s half-sister – and, Kamehameha and Kaʻahumanu raised him. Kanihonui was put to death at Papaʻenaʻena Heiau on Leʻahi (Diamond Head) for committing adultery with Kaʻahumanu.

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Piggly Wiggly

Piggly Wiggly On February 4, 1928, the Star Bulletin noted that three men arrived from the mainland to open Hawai‘i’s first chain grocery store; it was situated on Beretania Street at Keʻeaumoku, a “large crowd attends the Piggly Wiggly opening.” The entry of Piggly Wiggly initiated the first national chain grocery store into the Islands; with it came a new way of food shopping. Piggly Wiggly stores (established by Clarence Saunders in Memphis in 1916) are widely credited with introducing America to self-service shopping, revolutionizing the grocery industry. Instead of a clerk to assist individual customer needs behind a counter, there were open aisles, open shelves with individually-packaged products to select from, shopping baskets and check-out stands.

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Joseph Atherton Richards

Joseph Atherton Richards He was called AR or Atherton Richards; however his full name was Joseph Atherton Richards. Richards was born in the Islands on September 29, 1894 (he died in 1974.) His father, Theodore Richards, came to Hawaiʻi in 1888 to become teacher of the first class to graduate at the Kamehameha Schools and, in 1894, principal of the Kamehameha Schools for five years. Theodore Richards founded Kokokahi on the windward side of Oʻahu (now a YWCA facility,) a place for people of different races to live together as people of one blood. During WWII, Atherton Richards was one of the top officials serving in the "Economics Branch" discussing "the possibilities of economic warfare organization." A lasting legacy of Richards is Kahua Ranch in Kohala, Hawai‘i Island.

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Likelike

Likelike Miriam Kapili Kekāuluohi Likelike was born on January 13, 1851, was the sister of a King and Queen – and the daughter of High Chief Kapaʻakea and Chiefess Analeʻa Keohokālole – her sister became Queen Liliʻuokalani and her brothers were King Kalākaua and William Pitt Leleiōhoku. On September 22, 1870, Princess Likelike was married to Honolulu businessman from Scotland Archibald Scott Cleghorn. When her brother David Kalākaua became King in 1874, Miriam was given the title ‘Princess Likelike’ and she was appointed governess of Oʻahu. The Cleghorns had one child Kaʻiulani (born on October 16, 1875) - “the only member of the Royal Family having issue.” Princess Likelike died at the early age of 36 on February 2, 1887.

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Kamehameha III’s Secret Agreement of US Annexation

Kamehameha III’s Secret Agreement of US Annexation On December 13, 1850, French commissioner M Emile Perrin arrived in the Islands. He and Foreign Minister RC Wyllie took up the disputed issues between the two countries. On February 1, 1851, Commissioner Perrin forwarded a list of ten demands. On that same day, as a measure of self-defense, King Kamehameha III signed a secret proclamation putting the islands under the protection of the US, to be used only in case of emergency. Perrin then reduced the demands to 2 points, which averted the immediate danger of French aggression.

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