Oklahoma

Oklahoma In 1911 Congress authorized the building of two battleships, the Nevada and the Oklahoma, to be a modern symbol of the power of the United States (These two battleships were to be the first to burn oil as fuel instead of coal.) Oklahoma (BB-37) was laid down October 26, 1912, christened in March 23, 1914 and commissioned on May 2, 1916. The Oklahoma, a 27,500-ton battleship, needed 2,166 sailors and marines to function properly. She could travel 20,000 miles without refueling. She carried ten 14-inch guns. She was based at Pearl Harbor for patrols and exercises, and was moored in Battleship Row on December 7, 1941 when the Japanese attacked. Oklahoma took 3 torpedo hits almost immediately and capsized. Righting and refloating her took 74-days. Too old and badly damaged to be worth returning to service, Oklahoma was formally decommissioned in September 1944.

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Waikiki Beach

Waikiki Beach In June, 1810, fur baron John Jacob Astor created ‘Pacific Fur Company.’ They hoped to best the flourishing Northwest Company (who travelled by land,) which was a most powerful concern, by having a great depot at the mouth of the Columbia, in other words, by using the sea. One of the vessels selected for the pioneer voyage was the Tonquin. On March 22, 1811, they arrived off the mouth of the Columbia, where they encountered heavy seas. Thorn sent out several boats to find the river channel; two of them capsized and eight men died. One of the men was a Hawaiian. Local history says that the area was named Waikiki Beach in honor of this unnamed Hawaiian who was buried on the beach.

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Women Warriors

Women Warriors In Kamehameha’s conquest, “chiefesses accompanied their husbands on this war expedition, as well as the young male and female aliʻi. Most of these chiefesses who went with their husbands were adept at shooting a musket … It can be declared that Hawai‘i did not lack for fearless-hearted chiefesses, and it is appropriate that we proudly preserve the memory of their support of Kamehameha in those victorious battles.” A woman warrior of note was Manono; she fought side-by-side with her husband, Kekuaokalani, in the battle following the fall of the kapu. “No characters in Hawaiian history stand forth with a sadder prominence, or add a richer tint to the vanishing chivalry of the race, than Kekuaokalani and his courageous and devoted wife, Manono, the last defenders in arms of the Hawaiian gods.”

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Hokuloa Church

Hokuloa Church Lorenzo and Betsy Lyons arrived in the Hawaiian on May 17, 1832. He replaced Reverend Dwight Baldwin as minister at Waimea, South Kohala, Hawai‘i. Lyons built fourteen churches in the expanse of his mission station including Waipi‘o Valley, Honokaʻa, Kawaihae and Puakō. The construction of the Hokuloa Church (Hoku loa – ‘evening star’) in Puakō began in 1858 and was completed and dedicated March 20, 1860. It’s the oldest functioning lava rock structure in the district of South Kohala. “The stone church, with its whitened walls, and reddened roof and humble spire give the place an air of civilization and religiousness, and the school house in close proximity with its similar walls though thatched roof, makes something of a show, and indicated the existence of a school.” (Lyons, 1863)

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Moon Nights

Moon Nights Reasoning from observations has been important to modern scientific practice at least since the time of Aristotle (384–322 BC.) A scientific process or scientific method requires observations of nature and formulating and testing the hypothesis. It consists of following four steps. Hawaiians in traditional times also made observations of the world around them. Most of the makaʻāinana (common people) were farmers, a few were fishermen. Part of the observations noted appropriate planting/fishing according to moon phases (‘Moon Nights.’)

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Manōkalanipo

Manōkalanipo Poetically Kauai is reportedly called, "Manōkalanipo", or "Kauaʻi a Manō" after the ancient chief who was largely responsible for elevating Kauaʻi’s ancient society to sophisticated heights of advancement and productivity. Manōkalanipo has the characteristic honor of having had his name as a nickname to the island over which he ruled, and in epical and diplomatic language it was ever after known as "Kauai-a-Manōkalanipo."

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Two Cummins Schools – Now None

Two Cummins Schools – Now None Washington Intermediate and Liholiho Elementary serve their respective communities in Pawaʻa and Kaimuki, O‘ahu. But they weren’t known as such (at least by conflicting claims of the City and Territory.) Depending on who you talked to, each was known as Cummins School, named after John Adams Kuakini Cummins. Both schools were built the same year, 1926. Back then, the Territorial Department of Public Instruction (now the DOE) provided the instruction in schools and the City, through the Board of Supervisors (now the County Council,) owned the school properties and buildings. Effectively, each was ‘Cummins School.’ The issue was resolved (somewhat) in 1935.

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