Kūlou

Kūlou Arrival of the shipwrecked foreigners - white people - took place between the years 1521-1530 AD. (Fornander) “As they were sailing along, approaching the land, the vessel struck at the pali of Keʻei (near Kealakekua Bay on Hawai‘i Island) and was broken to pieces by the surf, and the foreigner and his sister swam ashore and were saved”. “And when they arrived ashore they prostrated themselves on the beach, uncertain perhaps on account of their being strangers, and of the different kind of people whom they saw there, and being very fearful perhaps. A long time they remained prostrated on the shore, and hence the place was called Kūlou (kneeling) and is so called to this day.”

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Halekiʻi and Pihana Heiau

Halekiʻi and Pihana Heiau Located about ¼-mile inland, constructed of stacked waterworn basalt boulders collected from ʻIao Stream, Halekiʻi and Pihana Heiau overlook ‘Iao Stream, Kahului Bay and the Wailuku Plain, and are the most accessible of the remaining pre-contact Hawaiian structures of religious and historical importance in the Wailuku-Kahului area. Traditional history credits the menehune with the construction of both heiau in a single night, using rock from Paukukalo Beach. Other accounts credit Kihapiʻilani with building Halekiʻi, and Kiʻihewa with building Pihana during the time of Kakaʻe, the aliʻi of West Maui. Some say that they were built under the rule of Kahekili.

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Foreign Mission School

Foreign Mission School In June 1810, Samuel John Mills and James Richards petitioned the General Association of the Congregational Church to establish the foreign missions. Cornwall’s Foreign Mission School exemplified evangelical efforts to recruit young men from indigenous cultures around the world, convert them to Christianity, educate them and train them to become preachers, health workers, translators and teachers back in their native lands. Initially lacking a principal, Edwin Welles Dwight filled that role from May 1817 to May 1818; he was replaced the next year by the Reverend Herman Daggett. In its first year, the Foreign Mission School had 12 students, seven Hawaiians, one Hindu, one Bengalese, an Indian and two Anglo-Americans. The school’s first student was Henry ʻŌpūkahaʻia (Obookiah.)

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Ginaca

Ginaca ‘Pineapple’ was given its English name because of its resemblance to a pine cone. Although sugar dominated the Hawaiian economy, there was also great demand at the time for Hawaiian pineapples. About 1911, Henry Gabriel Ginaca of the Honolulu Iron Works Company was engaged by Mr James Dole, founder of Hawaiian Pineapple Company, to develop the machine which made the Hawaiian canned pineapple industry possible - it automatically centers the pineapple, cuts out a fruit cylinder, eradicates the crushed and juice material from the outer skin, cuts off the ends and removes the central fibrous core.

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Aiʻenui

Aiʻenui “It had been the custom, from time immemorial, on the death of any great chief, especially of the king, for the people to give themselves up to universal licentiousness; - to the indiscriminate prostitution of females; - to theft and robbery; - to revenge and murder.” In the early nineteenth century, makaʻāinana women flocked to the European ships and port towns in large numbers to partake in the lucrative trade in sexual services, one of the few ways that makaʻāinana could acquire foreign goods. Boki’s “Polelewa became a place where … licentious indulgence became common at night …. The foreigners came to these resorts to find women." Aiʻenui (Deep-in-debt) they were called because of his heavy debts.

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Prince and Princess de Bourbon

Prince and Princess de Bourbon King Kalākaua was the first ruling Monarch to tour of the world; a few years later, another royal party toured the world, with a short visit in the Islands, “Among the passengers on the steamer Australia, which arrived yesterday from Honolulu, were Count de Bardi, an Austrian prince of royal blood, and his wife, the Countess de Bardi.” “The royal pair, accompanied, by their retinue, started about two years ago on a tour around the world and are now on their way home. Since leaving home they have traveled in Africa, India, Borneo, Java, China, Japan and other places. … While at Honolulu King Kalākaua save a grand ball at the royal palace in their honor.” "From basement to battlements on every side the noble pile was profusely hung with rows of colored lanterns”.

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Churchill

Churchill “Among the many tales of shipwreck on the Pacific few are more thrilling than that of the rescue of the captain and crew of the schooner Churchill on French Frigate shoals”. Launched on March 4, 1900, the 178-foot, 600-ton 4-masted schooner Churchill was built by the Simpson Lumber Co for their own account. the night of October 25, 1917, “The Churchill was 27 days out from Nukualofa, Tongata, when she drifted upon a reef of the French Frigate shoals.” (All were saved)

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‘Hilo Walk of Fame’

‘Hilo Walk of Fame’ It started on October 24, 1933 ... Filmmaker Cecil B DeMille was in Hilo filming scenes for ‘Four Frightened People.’ The Hilo Park Commission asked him and some of the actors from the film (Mary Boland, William Gargan, Herbert Marshall’s wife (Edna Best Marshall) and Leo Carillo) to plant trees to commemorate their visit. Initially, eight trees were planted in October 1933; there have been over 50-trees planted at what is now known as Banyan Drive on the Waiākea peninsula, traditionally known as Hilo-Hanakāhi. Trees were typically planted by or for notable politicians, entertainers, religious leaders, authors, sports figures, business people, adventurers and local folks.

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Interdenominational

Interdenominational The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) held its first meeting on September 5, 1810. Initially an organization of Massachusetts and Connecticut Congregationalists, the ABCFM shunned the term Congregationalist in its title and recruited Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed members (until they established their own foreign mission boards.) The ABCFM was the first foreign mission board founded in the US, as well as being the largest in the nineteenth century. It was the first "national" benevolent society. While the ABCFM began as an inter-denominational society, after 1870, it became a Congregationalist body. United Church of Christ is the successor of the ABCFM.

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John Palmer

John Palmer “Strictly speaking, there is no harbor at this island. The anchorage is merely a roadstead … The town of Lahaina is beautifully situated on the level land skirting the sea, and extends along the shore a distance of two miles. … The reef extends the whole length of the town, about forty rods from shore, and, but for a small opening or break in it, boats would be unable to land.” “Seamen are obliged to be clear of the beach at drumbeat” … Some didn’t like, nor follow, all of the rules … In October, 1827, an assault was made at Lahaina by the crew of the ‘John Palmer’ … the crew had opened fire on the village with a nine-pound gun, aiming five shots at Mr Richards's house, which, however, did little damage. No one was killed.

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Kaʻau

Kaʻau The Kaʻau tuff and basalt flows were erupted during a high stand of the sea (probably during plus 95-foot (Kaʻena) stand of sea) (about 1-million years ago - a ‘youthful’ volcanic outburst.) Over half of the craters of southeast Oʻahu are arranged in linear groups: Tantalus, Diamond Head and Koko Crater. Kaʻau is an extension of this line of craters up into the Koʻolau range.

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Russell Hubbard

Russell Hubbard In 1807, Russell Hubbard, aboard the Triumph (Captained by Caleb Brintnall) anchored in Kealakekua Bay. There, ʻŌpūkahaʻia, a Hawaiian who had recently lost his parents in the island war that was waging, was contemplating his future. He boarded the Triumph and eventually ended up on the continent. “Among these men I found a very desirable young man, by name Russell Hubbard, a son of Gen H of New Haven. This Mr Hubbard was a member of Yale College. … Mr Hubbard was very kind to me on our passage, and taught me the letters in English spelling-book.” (ʻŌpūkahaʻia) Hubbard “in November or December, 1810, in his 27th year, (was) lost at sea”.

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Waiāhole Water Company

Waiāhole Water Company Oʻahu Sugar Company constructed the Waiāhole Ditch System to transport, by gravity, surface water from the northeastern side of the Koʻolau Range. The Waiāhole Ditch collection and delivery system was constructed during 1913-1916. The general plan provided for collecting the water from the many streams and gulches on the windward side of Oahu by means of tunnels through the ridges or spurs, and conveying the water, after collecting, through the mountain in the main tunnel to the leeward side of the island, thence by tunnels, ditches and pipes, to the upper levels of Oahu Sugar Plantation.

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War Memorial Municipal Auditorium

War Memorial Municipal Auditorium “Dedicated to All the Sons and Daughters of Hawai‘i Who Served Their Country in Time of War and in Special Tribute to those Who Gave Their Lives in Order That Freedom and Justice Might Prevail Throughout the World” - Apparently, so said the plaque outside what was initially referred to as the War Memorial Municipal Auditorium; its name was changed a few times. On September 24, 1963, the City Council adopted a resolution naming the complex the ‘Honolulu International Center; then, on January 14, 1976, the City Council renamed the center as the ‘Neal S Blaisdell Memorial Center.’ Finally, on September 12, 1964 the Center was dedicated by Mayor Blaisdell.

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Oʻahu ‘Wai’ Ahupuaʻa

Oʻahu ‘Wai’ Ahupuaʻa The Hawaiian deity Kamapuaʻa is a part of the Lono god-force, and possessed many kinolau (body forms,) representing both human and facets of nature. He was born in pig-form to Hina (mother) and Kahiki‘ula (father) at Kaluanui in the Koʻolauloa District of O‘ahu. When ʻOlopana, an Oʻahu Chief, heard that Kamapuaʻa was robbing the hen roosts, he asked the people to capture Kamapuaʻa. Lonoawohi had been ʻOlopana’s kahuna, but was later replaced. Lonoawohi helped Kamapuaʻa escape; in return when Kamapuaʻa started to divide the land, Lonoawohi, his priest, asked for and received the lands whose names begin with the word “wai” (i.e. Waikiki, Waianae, Waiawa, Wailupe, etc.) Thus, the priests of the Lono class received the “wai” lands and had a monopoly of well-watered lands on Oʻahu. Later, the lands were redistributed.

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Laniākea Cave

Laniākea Cave Reverend Asa and Lucy Thurston were in the Pioneer Company of American Christian missionaries, arriving in Kailua-Kona in 1820. “(T)hey chose a valley, about half a mile from the residence of the governor, and near the entrance of Raniakea (Laniākea,) as the spot where they were most likely to meet with success (for their home.)” “The part of the wall now standing, is near the mouth of Raniakea (Laniākea,) the spacious cavern … After entering it by a small aperture, they passed on in a direction nearly parallel with the surface; sometimes along a spacious arched way, not less than twenty-five feet high and twenty wide… The cave runs into a deep subterranean pool of very cold water….”

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John Rollin Desha

John Rollin Desha John Rollin Desha (commonly known as ‘Jack’) was born at Nāpoʻopoʻo, South Kona, Hawaiʻi to Senator and Reverend Stephen Langhern Desha Sr and Mary Kaʻalopua (Kekumano) - a descendant of the Desha family of Kentucky. He graduated from the Kamehameha Manual Training School in 1903 and Oʻahu College (Punahou) in 1906. Desha received his BA degree at Harvard University in 1912; at Harvard Desha was prominent in athletics, being a member of the baseball team from 1911 to 1912. He later attended the George Washington Law School. Desha began his career as secretary to Prince Jonah Kūhio Kalanianaʻole. In 1921, he was appointed judge of the Circuit Court.

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Wahiawā Hotel

Wahiawā Hotel In 1897, Californian, Byron Clark, became the Hawaiian Republic’s commissioner of agriculture. In looking for land for him to settle on, he learned of the availability of land at Wahiawā. Clark organized a group of other Californians (as well as others) to join him. Within a few years, Wahiawā Town was underway. Some of the town’s streets were named for the early homesteaders - initial mapping shows California Avenue as the first, and main, road. Then, a hotel, at the corner of Lehua and California, was built to expand the settlement funds, as well as to utilize the hall that had been erected for community gatherings. Wahiawā Hotel was demolished in the 1960s to accommodate construction for the new Wahiawā Library.

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People's Theatre

People's Theatre At Honokaʻa, the original village had developed along a portion of the coastal Government Road above the Haina sugar mill, near the fork between the Waimea and Kukuihaele Roads, and close to the Rickard residence (plantation manager’s house.) The 650-seat People's Theatre is one of the largest buildings in Honokaʻa, and its only operating theater. Built in 1930 by Hatsuzo Tanimoto, it is typical of theaters built during the 1920s and ‘30s in Hawaii.

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Molokini

Molokini Molokini erupted about 230,000 years; it’s a tiny, crescent-shaped island in the ‘Alalakeiki Channel, 3-miles offshore of Haleakala volcano, East Maui. It is part of a Marine Life Conservation District (MLCD.) The diversity of fishes and other marine life within the MLCD is among the most impressive in the state. Even humpback whales have been known to enter the cove.

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1783

1783 On the continent, the colonists were fighting the Revolutionary War – that ended and culminated in the Treaty of Paris (signed on September 3, 1783) that recognized the sovereignty of the United States over the territory bounded roughly by what is now Canada to the north, Florida to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west. In the Islands, separate chiefdoms ruled separate parts of the Islands. However, conquest was in the air and battles and negotiations for power and control were going on. Kahekili invaded and conquered O‘ahu, Kamehameha defeated Kiwalaʻo on Hawai‘i.

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Land Divisions

Land Divisions In discussing ancient land divisions, we typically hear of Mokupuni (island,) Moku (district,) Ahupuaʻa (generally watershed units) and ʻIli (strips of land.) Kalana and ʻOkana are often less-heard-of land divisions. Land Divisions include, generally: Mokupuni - The island groups (such as our current county system;) Moku - The major districts of each individual island; Kalana - The significant divisions within each Moku’ ʻOkana – Division of the Moku or Kalana; Ahupua‘a - Individual watershed regions within each Kalana; and ʻIli - functional subdivisions of an Ahupua‘a.

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Ironman

Ironman “Swim 2.4 miles! Bike 112 miles! Run 26.2 miles! Brag for the rest of your life!” “Whoever finishes foremost, we'll call him the Iron Man.” The Ironman Triathlon World Championship is the initial and ultimate Swim – Bike – Run event. The race was created for bragging rights by combining the 2.4-mile Waikiki Roughwater Swim, 112-miles of the Around-Oahu Bike Race, followed by the 26.2-mile run of the Honolulu Marathon. It ends at midnight (nothing beats watching the late-night finishers of the Ironman.)

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Universal Remedy

Universal Remedy “For ka poʻe kahiko (the people of old) the sea was the remedy upon which all relied, from Hawaiʻi to Kauai.” “When people took sick … a drink of sea water was the universal remedy employed.”

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Cow Laws

Cow Laws In October 1829, one of British Consul Charlton’s cows broke into Kaʻahumanu’s enclosure at Mānoa and began eating her crops. The Queen Regent’s konohiki (land steward) chased the errant cow out of the field and shot it. “The consul was greatly enraged” and the matter was put before the chiefs. The “cow case” culminated in the “cow laws.” With the cow laws, the Sandwich Island rulers now specifically stated that English residents would be ‘protected’ by statutes that included provisions against not only adultery and fornication, but also the Englishmen's common pastimes of gambling and drinking.

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“… no one could have been nearer to instant death …”

“… no one could have been nearer to instant death …” Then-Princess Liliʻuokalani was on a tour around Oʻahu on October 6, 1881. “I was accompanied by my sister, the Princess Likelike, who had with her the little child-princess Kaʻiulani, and that infant's governess, Miss Barnes; Mr. JH Boyd was of the number of our attendants.” “We were descending the steep side of a hill, (in some unaccountable manner the reins of one of the horses became entangled in the bit of another) and the result was that the driver had no longer control of the animals.” “(T)he vehicle was overturned, falling upon the Princess who had been previously thrown out and furthermore, the royal lady was precipitated down a steep embankment a distance of about 50 yards.” “Certainly no one could have been nearer to instant death.”

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Kukuionapeha Heiau

Kukuionapeha Heiau Kaimuki, before man, was a site of rocky land, red soil high in iron and largely covered by lava. In 1898, Kaimuki was still the barren, rocky and red-dirt land filled with panini, kiawe, and lantana. However, Lansing, a real estate agent, thought it was a great place to build a high class residential district. Initially, sales were slow. But in 1900, the Chinatown fire forced folks to find places for new homes and businesses – many came to Kaimuki. This eventually led to the construction of the Leʻahi Hospital (1901 - once called Honolulu Hospital for the Incurables.) This and other activity in the area destroyed and/or displaced the landscape. A heiau, Kukuionapeha Heiau (Napeha’s light or beacon) was in the vicinity.

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Waikapū

Waikapū The island of Maui is comprised of 12-moku (districts,) that are made up of a number of ahupuaʻa. The moku of Wailuku makes up an area known as Nā Wai ʻEhā ("The Four Great Waters") – Waiheʻe River, Waiehu Stream, Wailuku (ʻĪao) Stream and Waikapū Stream. (Waikapū Stream is the only Nā Wai ‘Ehā stream that drains to the southern coast of Maui.) The fertile kalo terraces, complex system of irrigation ʻauwai (ditches) and abundant fresh water from this area sustained Hawaiian culture for 1,000-years. Due to abundant water and fertile lands, there was substantial settlement between the 300- and 600-foot elevation at Waikapū. By 1866, a letter published in the Hawaiian language newspaper Nūpepa Kūʻokoʻa lamented “the current condition of once cultivated taro patches being dried up by the foreigners, where they are now planting sugar cane”.

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Kalaniʻōpuʻu and Maui

Kalaniʻōpuʻu and Maui Kalaniʻōpuʻu was born about 1729, his brother was Keōua; his son was Kiwalaʻō; he was the grandfather of Keōpūolani. Kalaniʻōpuʻu, from the very beginning of his reign, made repeated attempts to conquer the neighboring island of Maui. He held portions of the Hāna district and the Kaʻuiki area in 1775. At the time of Captain Cook’s arrival (1778-1779), Kalaniʻōpuʻu was on the island of Maui. Kalaniʻōpuʻu returned to Hawaiʻi and met with Cook on January 26, 1779. Back on Maui, Kahekili asked "How can the fortress of Kaʻuiki become a level plain?" Later (1781,) Kahekili was able to regain possession of the Hana district and this marked the beginning of the disintegration of Kalaniʻōpuʻu’s kingdom.

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Mokumanu

Mokumanu Demigod Maui is known for capturing the sun; in another story, Kuolokele, his grandfather, had Maui gather kī leaves, ʻieʻie vines and bird feathers. On the first day, from the bird feathers, ki leaves and ʻieʻie vines, Kuolokele made the body and wings of a bird – moku-manu (bird-ship.) On the second day, he finished the bird and tested it. It flew ­ the first flying-craft ever in Hawaiʻi. On the third day, "It is ready," the old man said. "Inside the bird you will find cords. With them you can flap its wings and make it fly. Also there is a bundle of food. Maui entered the body of the bird and started to fly.

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North Pacific Missionary Institute

North Pacific Missionary Institute On October 1, 1872, the Hawaiian Evangelical Association Theological School opened its doors for men interested in a life of Christian ministry. In 1877, Rev. Charles McEwen Hyde reorganized the school as the North Pacific Missionary Institute; Hyde served as Principal until 1883. In 1890, a new building was built to accommodate the seminary's students. Later John Leadingham became the Principal. The Hawaiian Board later redirected its efforts into the consolidation of Kawaiahaʻo Seminary, Mills Institute and the Japanese Boarding School into the Mid-Pacific Institute.

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